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This is the engaging story of a moment of transformation in the human sciences, a detailed account of a remarkable group of people who met regularly from 1946 to 1953 to explore the possibility of using scientific ideas that had emerged in the war years (cybernetics, information theory, computer theory) as a basis for interdisciplinary alliances. The Macy Conferences on Cybernetics, as they came to be called, included such luminaries as Norbert Wiener, John von Neumann, Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, Warren McCulloch, Walter Pitts, Kurt Lewin, F. S. C. Northrop, Molly Harrower, and Lawrence Kubie, who thought and argued together about such topics as insanity, vision, circular causality, language, the brain as a digital machine, and how to make wise decisions. Heims, who met and talked with many of the participants, portrays them not only as thinkers but as human beings. His account examines how the conduct and content of research are shaped by the society in which it occurs and how the spirit of the times, in this case a mixture of postwar confidence and cold-war paranoia, affected the thinking of the cybernetics group. He uses the meetings to explore the strong influence elite groups can have in establishing connections and agendas for research and provides a firsthand took at the emergence of paradigms that were to become central to the new fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. In his joint biography of John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener, Heims offered a challenging interpretation of the development of recent American science and technology. Here, in this group portrait of an important generation of American intellectuals, Heims extends that interpretation to a broader canvas, in the process paying special attention to the two iconoclastic figures, Warren McCulloch and Gregory Bateson, whose ideas on the nature of the mind/brain and on holism are enjoying renewal today.Steve J. Heims, once a research physicist, has devoted his attention to the history of twentieth century science for the past two decades.

Social sciences --- Cybernetics --- Science --- Research --- Philosophy. --- Social aspects --- -Science --- -Social sciences --- -Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Mechanical brains --- Control theory --- Electronics --- System theory --- -Research --- -Philosophy --- Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation --- Macy, Jr. Foundation --- Macy Foundation --- -Social aspects --- Behavioral sciences --- Philosophy --- Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation. --- Macy (Josiah) Jr. Foundation --- Natural sciences --- Social sciences - Research - United States. --- Social sciences - United States - Philosophy. --- Cybernetics - United States. --- Science - Social aspects - United States. --- History of science --- Fundación Josiah Macy --- History --- PHILOSOPHY/Philosophy of Science & Technology

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L’« immersion », comme entreprise d’insertion – dans un milieu, un terrain, un groupe – qui suppose partage d’expérience et présence prolongée, empathie et peut-être rêve de « devenir indigène », est un geste fondateur de nombreuses pratiques de mise en intelligibilité du monde. On la rencontre en journalisme. Elle est le fait d’écrivains. Elle est, bien sûr, le socle de l’ethnographie mais aussi l’outil de recherches en maintes disciplines. Or, pour avoir suscité nombre de réflexions, cette pratique avait donné lieu à peu de synthèses, moins encore à une prise en compte de la diversité de ses usagers. C’est cette lacune que veut combler ce recueil. Il le fait via cinq questions. D’où vient la pratique de l’immersion ? Comment pareilles expériences affectent-elles l’observateur ? Que peut-on ainsi voir de plus, de mieux ? Et si la démarche est génératrice d’un plus d’intelligibilité, de quel prix, de quelles tensions avec le terrain ou une éthique professionnelle ces gains peuvent-ils se payer ? Comment enfin restituer l’immersion… tant en termes de respect de ceux et celles qu’on a côtoyés que de modes d’écriture propices à en communiquer l’expérience, les affects ? Ce volume combine une vingtaine de contributions de praticiens et analystes de ces démarches, que viennent mettre en perspective cinq denses textes de cadrage et que ponctue un article important d’Andrew Abbott sur l’écritur e du terrain. L’ensemble offre une référence durable sur le terrain des méthodologies de l’enquête, de leurs histoires, de leurs écritures.

Social sciences --- Journalism --- Authorship --- Methodology --- Fieldwork --- Writing (Authorship) --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- #KVHA:Journalistiek --- Literature --- Publicity --- Fake news --- Civilization --- Social sciences - Methodology - Congresses --- Social sciences - Fieldwork - Congresses --- Journalism - Methodology - Congresses --- Authorship - Congresses --- Anthropology --- journalisme --- information --- communication

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Der Briefwechsel zwischen Meinong und Twardowski rückt die Beziehung der beiden Philosophen, die die Geschichte der Philosophie und der Psychologie in Österreich und Polen ein Stück weit mitgeschrieben haben, in den Brennpunkt. Man erfährt nicht nur einiges über die persönliche Geschichte der beiden Briefpartner, sondern auch viel über ihre akademische Tätigkeit und ihren erkenntnistheoretischen Ansatz sowie über die Hochschulpolitik der Zeit. In einer umfangreichen Einführung wird der historische und kulturelle Kontext, der Meinong und Twardowski prägte und zu dem beide später durch ihre Lehrtätigkeit in Graz beziehungsweise Lemberg beitrugen, veranschaulicht. In Bezug auf den Briefwechsel betrachtet die Einführung die theoretische Unterscheidung von Akt, Inhalt und Gegenstand sowie die Urteilstheorie und öffnet den Blick für den Austausch der beiden Philosophen mit ihren Zeitgenossen. Der Band ist im Feld der österreichischen und polnischen Philosophie, insbesondere unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Schule Brentanos und der frühen Phänomenologie, von besonderem Interesse und offenbart die kulturgeschichtlichen Affinitäten in Zentraleuropa zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts.

Meinong, A. --- Twardowski, Kazimierz, --- Tvardovskiĭ, K. --- Tvardovskiĭ, Kazimezh, --- Twardowski, Kasimir, --- Meinong, Alexius, --- Meinong, --- Brentano, Franz. --- Brentanoschule. --- Gegenstandstheorie. --- Grazer Schule. --- Perzeption. --- PHILOSOPHY / Metaphysics. --- Philosophy (General). --- Psychology. --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Philosophy --- Soul --- Mental health --- Tvardovsʹkyĭ, Kazymyr, --- Твардовський, Казимир, --- Philosophy - History --- Meinong, Alexius, - 1853-1920 - Correspondence --- Twardowski, Kazimierz, - 1866-1938 - Correspondence --- Meinong, Alexius, - 1853-1920 --- Twardowski, Kazimierz, - 1866-1938

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In The Digital Logic of Death, Steven Pustay skillfully makes visible the immensely important but often overlooked role that moving images play in shaping our understanding of mortality. This relationship, he argues, is made all the more urgent by the technologies of the digital age, which have profoundly altered our ability to represent and contemplate death through moving images, resulting in an entirely new cultural logic of death. To draw out this new logic, Pustay presents accessible readings of otherwise dense and difficult philosophical approaches to death - such as those found in existentialism, psychoanalysis, and critical theory - by reading them through the lens of contemporary media. From art-house films like Irréversible and The Fountain to blockbusters like the Matrix trilogy, from television commercials for M&M's to pay-cable dramas like The Sopranos and Breaking Bad, from first-person shooters like Bioshock to indie-games like LIMBO, Pustay shows how moving images have shifted our understanding of death in general and our recognition of our own finiteness in particular.

Media studies --- Performing Arts / Film / History & Criticism --- Social Science / Death & Dying --- Social Science / Media Studies --- Social sciences --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Sociology of culture --- Mass communications --- Death in popular culture --- Digital media --- Death in mass media

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This open access book examines the question of collecting and disseminating data on ethnicity and race in order to describe characteristics of ethnic and racial groups, identify factors of social and economic integration and implement policies to redress discrimination. It offers a global perspective on the issue by looking at race and ethnicity in a wide variety of historical, country-specific contexts, including Asia, Latin America, Europe, Oceania, and North America. In addition, the book also includes analysis on the indigenous populations of the Americas. The book first offers comparative accounts of ethnic statistics. It compares and empirically tests two perspectives for understanding national ethnic enumeration practices in a global context based on national census questionnaires and population registration forms for over 200 countries between 1990 to 2006. Next, the book explores enumeration and identity politics with chapters that cover the debate on ethnic and racial statistics in France, ethnic and linguistic categories in Québec, Brazilian ethnoracial classification and affirmative action policies, and the Hispanic/Latino identity and the United States census. The third, and final, part of the book examines measurement issues and competing claims. It explores such issues as the complexity of measuring diversity using Malaysia as an example, social inequalities and indigenous populations in Mexico, and the demographic explosion of indigenous populations in Canada from 1986 to 2006. Overall, the book sheds light on four main questions: should ethnic groups be counted, how should they be counted, who is and who is not counted, and what are the political and economic incentives for counting. It will be of interest to all students of race, ethnicity, identity, and immigration. In addition, researchers as well as policymakers will find useful discussions and insights for a better understanding of the complexity of categorization and related political --and policy--challenges. This illuminating and ambitious volume breaks new ground through a global and comprehensive exploration of these questions. Miri Song, University of Kent This impressive collection instructs us that massive population movements require many nations to govern their increasingly diverse racial and ethnic populations, confronting unprecedented social tensions and struggling to guarantee new forms of social justice.   Kenneth Prewitt, Columbia University This book combines an overview of patterns of classification across the world. It is a fascinating look at how the statistics on ethnicity are created, shaped and used in different national contexts.  It should be required reading for those who study race and ethnicity, as well as anyone who uses ethnic statistics.”  Mary C. Waters, Harvard University.

Social Sciences. --- Migration. --- Population Economics. --- Sociology, general. --- Political Science, general. --- Human Geography. --- Social sciences. --- Population. --- Sciences sociales --- Population --- Migration --- Human geography --- Cultural pluralism --- Statistical methods --- Demography --- Social & Cultural Anthropology --- Anthropology --- Business & Economics --- Social Sciences --- Ethnology --- Statistical methods. --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Political science. --- Sociology. --- Emigration and immigration. --- Human geography. --- Political Science. --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Economics --- Sociology --- Malthusianism --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- State, The --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Human beings --- Population - Statistical methods --- Population Economics --- Sociology, general --- Political Science --- Human Geography